ADHDgene Database

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Large-scale studies

Data Summary

Published Variant
- SNP: 1391
- CNV: 398
- Others: 173
Published Gene: 359
Published Region: 128
Pathway by PBA: 8
Study: 361

Study Report

Basic Info

Reference	Cho SC, 200818552510
Citation	Cho S. C., Kim J. W., Kim B. N., Hwang J. W., Park M., Kim S. A., Cho D. Y., Yoo H. J., Chung U. S., Son J. W. and Park T. W. (2008) "No evidence of an association between norepinephrine transporter gene polymorphisms and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family-based and case-control association study in a Korean sample." Neuropsychobiology, 57(3): 131-8.
Study Design	case-control and family-based
Study Type	Candidate-gene association study
Sample Size	186 children with ADHD and their parents, 150 normal controls
Predominant Ethnicity	Mongoloid
Population	Korea
Gender	162 boys and 24 girls of cases, 131 boys and 19 girls of controls
Age Group	Children/Adolescents : case: 5-17 (mean age: 9.2, SD=2.3) years; control: 6-12 (mean age: 9.4, SD=0.6) years

Detail Info

Summary	The aims of this study were to examine the association of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms with ADHD in Korean children and adolescents, and to determine the relationships of the genotypes of these two polymorphisms with continuous performance test results and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory profiles of ADHD. In a case-control study, they assessed 186 ADHD probands and 150 normal controls; 109 trios were studied in a family-based association analysis. There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of the SLC6A2 G1287A and ¨C3081(A/T) polymorphisms between the ADHD and control groups (p>0.05). In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses, there was no evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms. In the haplotype analyses of these two polymorphisms, the global and individual X² tests showed no significant associations between any of the haplotypes and ADHD. There were no significant differences with respect to the continuous performance test results and the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory profiles in the ADHD probands according to the genotypes of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms. Their findings do not support SLC6A2 as a major genetic susceptibility factor in ADHD.
Total Sample	The present study included 186 children with ADHD, consisting of 162 boys and 24 girls, aged 5-17 years, and their parents, who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of 4 university-affiliated hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The control group included 150 normal children who were recruited from 2 elementary schools in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sample Collection	The present study included 186 children with ADHD who visited the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of 4 university-affiliated hospitals in the Republic of Korea. The controls were recruited from 2 elementary schools in Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Diagnosis Description	The Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Present and Lifetime Version, (K-SADS-PL) was used for the diagnosis of ADHD. For the clinical evaluation of the ADHD subjects, the KEDIWISC, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), ARS, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and JTCI were administered. Of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD, the combined subtype was the most common (61.3%), followed by the inattentive (16.6%) and hyperactive-impulsive (8.1%) subtypes.
Technique	Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood lymphocytes using a G-DEX TM II Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (Intron, Korea). The detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism was based upon analysis of primer extension products generated from previously amplified genomic DNA using a chip-based matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDITOF) mass spectrometry platform (Sequenom, Calif., USA). The SLC6A2 polymorphisms were genotyped as previously described, with slight modifications.
Analysis Method	The family-based association of the SLC6A2 polymorphisms with ADHD was investigated using the transmission disequilibrium test. They also analyzed the possible biased transmission of the haplotypes of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms using the TRANSMIT program. Group differences in the clinical variables involving continuous data were computed using an independent two-sample t test or multivariate ANOVA. Between-group comparisons involving categorical data were assessed using the X² test or Fisher's exact test. The significance level was set at p=0.05 (two-tailed).
Result Description	There were no significant differences in the genotype or allele frequencies of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms between the ADHD and control groups (p>0.05). In the transmission disequilibrium test analyses, there was no evidence for biased transmission of any of the alleles of the SLC6A2 G1287A and -3081(A/T) polymorphisms. In the haplotype analyses of these two polymorphisms, the global and individual X² tests showed no significant associations between any of the haplotypes and ADHD.

SNPs reported by this study (count: 1)

Other variant reported by this study (count: 1)

Genes reported by this study (count: 1)