Hot Results
- Quick Search
- Large-scale studies
- Genome-wide Association Studies of ADHD
- Genome-wide Linkage Studies of ADHD
- Genome-wide CNV Analyses of ADHD
- Meta-analysis Studies of ADHD
- Data Summary
KEGG Pathway Report
Basic Info
| ID | hsa04210 |
|---|---|
| Name | Apoptosis |
| Description | Apoptosis is a genetically controlled mechanisms of cell death involved in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. The 2 major pathways of apoptosis are the extrinsic (Fas and other TNFR superfamily members and ligands) and the intrinsic (mitochondria-associated) pathways, both of which are found in the cytoplasm. The extrinsic pathway is triggered by death receptor engagement, which initiates a signaling cascade mediated by caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 both feeds directly into caspase-3 activation and stimulates the release of cytochrome c by the mitochondria. Caspase-3 activation leads to the degradation of cellular proteins necessary to maintain cell survival and integrity. The intrinsic pathway occurs when various apoptotic stimuli trigger the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria (independently of caspase-8 activation). Cytochrome c interacts with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 to promote the activation of caspase-3. Recent studies point to the ER as a third subcellular compartment implicated in apoptotic execution. Alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER cause ER stress. Prolonged ER stress can result in the activation of BAD and/or caspase-12, and execute apoptosis. |
| No. of Genes in ADHDgene | 13 |
| Source | Pathway by Database Search |
Pathway related genes in ADHDgene (count: 13)
Literature-origin genes (count: 1)
| Approved Symbol | Approved Name | Location | No. of Studies (significant/non-significant/trend)  |
|---|---|---|---|
| NGF | nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) | 1p13.1 | 2(2/0/0) |
Genes from other sources (count: 12)
| Approved Symbol | Approved Name | Location | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRKAR2B | protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, beta | 7q22.3 | Mapped by CNV |
| FADD | Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain | 11q13.3 | Mapped by significant region |
| BIRC2 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 | 11q22 | Mapped by significant region |
| BIRC3 | baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 | 11q22 | Mapped by significant region |
| CYCS | cytochrome c, somatic | 7p21.2 | Mapped by CNV; Mapped by significant region |
| RELA | v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) | 11q13 | Mapped by significant region |
| PIK3R1 | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha) | 5q13.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| PIK3CG | phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, gamma polypeptide | 7q22 | Mapped by CNV |
| BAD | BCL2-associated agonist of cell death | 11q13.1 | Mapped by significant region |
| ATM | ataxia telangiectasia mutated | 11q22-q23 | Mapped by CNV; Mapped by significant region |
| PPP3R2 | protein phosphatase 3, regulatory subunit B, beta | 9q31 | Mapped by significant region |
| CAPN1 | calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit | 11q13 | Mapped by significant region |